A Works in Progress essay argues that locally produced iron may have weakened the empires’ military advantage after the Bronze Age collapse.
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APOD: 2026 September 30 – Arp 78: Peculiar Galaxy In Aries
NASA’s September 30, 2026, Astronomy Picture of the Day features Arp 78, a large spiral galaxy whose uneven outer arm may reflect gravitational tides.
Open Thread 453
Astral Codex Ten’s Open Thread 453 links a candidate’s response, lists new college meetups and announces up to $10 million in AI-related grants.
NASA Celebrates As Artemis Accords Surpasses 75 Signatories
NASA says Albania, Croatia, Côte d’Ivoire and San Marino have joined the Artemis Accords, bringing participation to 76 countries.
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